Debian Edu Common packages

The arping utility sends ARP and/or ICMP requests to the specified host and displays the replies. The host may be specified by its hostname, its IP address, or its MAC address.

GNU bc 是一种交互式的任意精度的代数语言，它使用 POSIX 1003.2 草案标准， 包含了若干扩展，包括多字符的变量名，以及 ‘else’ 语句和完整的布尔表达式。 GNU bc 不需要独立的 GNU dc 程序的支持。

The SMB/CIFS protocol provides support for cross-platform file sharing with Microsoft Windows, OS X, and other Unix systems.

This package provides utilities for managing mounts of CIFS network file systems.

This package will install a handler for command_not_found that looks up programs not currently installed but available from the repositories.

convmv can convert a single filename, a directory tree or all files on a filesystem to a different encoding. It only converts the encoding of filenames, not files contents. A special feature of convmv is that it also takes care of symlinks: the encoding of the symlink's target will be converted if the symlink itself is being converted.

It is also possible to convert directories to UTF-8 which are already partially UTF-8 encoded.

Keywords: rename, move

本软件包包含了 debconf 开发者所使用的一些小型实用程序。

Installs cfengine config files to be used by the machines set up as part of the Debian Edu (Skolelinux) network. Debian Edu is a Debian Pure Blend.

The English version of the manual for the Bookworm and Bullseye based releases of the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is included in this package.

Debian Edu is a Debian project to make the best distribution for educational purposes. Skolelinux is the name of the Debian Pure Blend which is produced by the Debian Edu project.

The English version of the Audacity, Rosegarden and ITIL manuals are included in this package. Though outdated, still useful in parts.

Debian Edu is a Debian project to make the best distribution for educational purposes. Skolelinux is the name of the Debian Pure Blend which is produced by the Debian Edu project.

This package provides default answers for packages using debconf, and configures services to work out of the box after an installation.

This is part of the Debian Edu project.

This small tool provides an opportunity for a system administrator to perform a DHCP request to find out if a DHCP server is still running.

Dmidecode 可依照 SMBIOS/DMI 标准将系统 BIOS 中描述的系统硬件信息生成报告。

这些信息通常包括系统生产商，型号名称，序列号，BIOS 版本，资产标签，以及诸多 各层级有关注性和可靠性的其他信息（取决与生产商）。这经常会有诸如 CPU 插槽、 扩展插槽（如AGP, PCI,ISA）和存储模块插槽的使用状态、I/O 端口列表（如串联端 口、并行端口、USB）等信息。

注意 DMI 数据已证实不可靠以至于无法盲测。Dmidecode 不扫描硬件，仅报告从 BIOS 里获得的信息。

WOL (Wake-on-LAN) is a standard that allows you to turn on a computer over an Ethernet connection. Computers with WOL-enabled network interface cards can be woken from sleep mode, or powered up from standby via a BIOS feature.

One feature that separates etherwake from other implementations is that it also supports WOL passwords.

ethtool 可用来查询和设置许多网络设备，尤其是以太网设备的速度、自动协商和校 验和卸载等等配置。

finger 可以显示有关系统用户的信息。

fping is a ping like program which uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request to determine if a target host is responding. fping differs from ping in that you can specify any number of targets on the command line, or specify a file containing the lists of targets to ping. Instead of sending to one target until it times out or replies, fping will send out a ping packet and move on to the next target in a round-robin fashion.

Htop 是一个基于 ncurse 的进程查看器，类似于 top。 但它允许用户水平或者垂直滚动列表以查看所有的进程与 其完整的命令行

与进程相关的任务(kill、renice)可以不用输入进程号 直接在其中完成。

hwinfo is the hardware detection tool used in SuSE Linux.

In Debian Edu (Skolelinux) hwinfo has shown better results than discover when detecting mouse, keyboard and monitor.

hwinfo collects information about the hardware installed on a system. Among others, libhd contains information about cdrom, zip, floppy, disks and partitions, network card, graphics card, monitor, camera, mouse, sound, pppoe, isdn, modem, printer, scanner, bios, cpu, usb, memory and smp.

This package does not include the binaries hwscan, hwscand and hwscanqueue. If you think one or more of these should be included in the package, please contact the maintainer at hwinfo@packages.debian.org.

iftop does for network usage what top(1) does for CPU usage. It listens to network traffic on a named interface and displays a table of current bandwidth usage by pairs of hosts. Handy for answering the question "Why is my Internet link so slow?".

iotop does for I/O usage what top(1) does for CPU usage. It watches I/O usage information output by the Linux kernel and displays a table of current I/O usage by processes on the system. It is handy for answering the question "Why is the disk churning so much?".

iotop can only run under a Linux 2.6.20 or later kernel built with the CONFIG_TASKSTATS, CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT, CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING and CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS build config options on.

iproute2 套件是网络和流量控制工具的一个软件集合。

这些工具通过实时 netlink 界面与内核通讯，提供流传已久的 net-tools 命令 ifconfig 和 route 所不具备的高级特性。

arping命令和标准ping命令类似，只是它ping的是主机的ARP地址，而非IP地址。通常 用来定位知道硬件地址但不知道IP地址的主机。

本软件包提供“less”，一个文件分页器（即，一个可以一次显示一屏幕文本的高效率 工具）。与基本的分页器程序“more”相比，less 提供了更多功能。作为 GNU 计划的 一部分，它在很多类 UNIX 系统上被作为标准分页器。

同时还有“lessecho”，一个简单的实用程序用于确保空间参数被正确引用; “lesskey”，一个用于修改标准(类似 vi)按键绑定的工具; 还有“lesspipe”，一个用于输入特定类型的过滤器，如 .doc 或 .txt.gz 文件。

This package contains a plugin for the Name Service Switch, providing host name resolution for the locally configured system hostname as returned by gethostname(2). It returns all locally configured public IP addresses or -- if none are configured, the IPv4 address 127.0.0.2 (which is on the local loopback) and the IPv6 address ::1 (which is the local host).

A lot of software relies on that the local host name is resolvable. This package provides an alternative to the fragile and error-prone manual editing of /etc/hosts.

Installing this package automatically adds myhostname to /etc/nsswitch.conf.

Many programs use $TMPDIR for storing temporary files. Not all of them are good at securing the permissions of those files. libpam-tmpdir sets $TMPDIR and $TMP for PAM sessions and sets the permissions quite tight. This helps system security by having an extra layer of security, making such symlink attacks and other /tmp based attacks harder or impossible

libwww-perl (also known as LWP) is a collection of Perl modules that provide a simple and consistent programming interface (API) to the World-Wide Web. The main focus of the library is to provide classes and functions that allow you to write WWW clients. It also contains general purpose modules, as well as a simple HTTP/1.1-compatible server implementation.

一个提供关于本机硬件配置的详细信息的小工具。它可以确切报告内存配置、 固件版本、主板配置、CPU 版本和速度、缓存配置和总线速度等信息。适用 范围包括带有 DMI 功能的​ ​x86 系统、某些 PowerPC 的机器(已知 PowerMac G4 可用)和 AMD64 的机器等。

信息可以输出为纯文本、HTML 或 XML 格式。

Uses information in sysfs (Linux kernels 2.6.0 and later) to list all scsi devices (or hosts) currently attached to the system. Options can be used to control the amount and form of information provided for each device.

GNU Midnight Commander is a text-mode full-screen file manager. It uses a two panel interface and a subshell for command execution. It includes an internal editor with syntax highlighting and an internal viewer with support for binary files. Also included is Virtual Filesystem (VFS), that allows files on remote systems (e.g. FTP, SSH servers) and files inside archives to be manipulated like real files.

Memtest86+ provides a more thorough memory check than that provided by BIOS memory tests. Can be loaded and run either directly by a PC BIOS (legacy or UEFI) or via an intermediate bootloader.

This tester runs independently of any OS - it is run at computer boot-up, so that it can test all of your memory. You may want to look at `memtester', which allows one to test your memory within Linux, but this one won't be able to test your whole RAM.

It can output a list of bad RAM regions usable by the BadRAM kernel patch, so that you can still use your old RAM with one or two bad bits.

Mtools is a collection of utilities to access MS-DOS disks from Unix without mounting them. It supports Win'95 style long file names, OS/2 Xdf disks, ZIP/JAZ disks and 2m disks (store up to 1992kB on a high density 3 1/2 disk).

Also included in this package are commands to eject and manipulate the write/password protection control of Zip disks.

mtr combines the functionality of the 'traceroute' and 'ping' programs in a single network diagnostic tool.

As mtr starts, it investigates the network connection between the host mtr runs on and a user-specified destination host. After it determines the address of each network hop between the machines, it sends a sequence of ICMP ECHO requests to each one to determine the quality of the link to each machine. As it does this, it prints running statistics about each machine.

mtr combines the functionality of the 'traceroute' and 'ping' programs in a single network diagnostic tool.

As mtr starts, it investigates the network connection between the host mtr runs on and a user-specified destination host. After it determines the address of each network hop between the machines, it sends a sequence of ICMP ECHO requests to each one to determine the quality of the link to each machine. As it does this, it prints running statistics about each machine.

mtr-tiny is compiled without support for X and conserves disk space.

Ncftp 允许用户从远程网络站点上传和下载文件，并提供了在标准 ftp 接口中没有的额外特性。这个版本启用了 Readline 支持。

Nmap is a utility for network exploration or security auditing. It supports ping scanning (determine which hosts are up), many port scanning techniques, version detection (determine service protocols and application versions listening behind ports), and TCP/IP fingerprinting (remote host OS or device identification). Nmap also offers flexible target and port specification, decoy/stealth scanning, sunRPC scanning, and more. Most Unix and Windows platforms are supported in both GUI and commandline modes. Several popular handheld devices are also supported, including the Sharp Zaurus and the iPAQ.

nullidentd is a small, fast and secure identd daemon. It returns a static string for every query.

The inetd server is a network daemon program that specializes in managing incoming network connections. Its configuration file tells it what program needs to be run when an incoming connection is received. Any service port may be configured for either of the tcp or udp protocols.

This is a port of the OpenBSD daemon with some debian-specific features. This package supports IPv6, built-in libwrap access control, binding to specific addresses, UNIX domain sockets and socket buffers tuning.

这个包含有多种工具，可以检测和设置连接到 PCI 总线的设备。

plocate is a locate(1) based on posting lists, giving much faster searches on a much smaller index. It is a drop-in replacement for mlocate in nearly all aspects, and is fast on SSDs and non-SSDs alike.

This package provides three small programs that gather system information from diverse files under /proc and /sys and print it to the screen:

• lsdev - information from /proc about installed hardware;
• procinfo - system monitoring statistics from /proc and /sys;
• socklist - a summary of open network sockets from /proc/net.

可用于创建邮件服务器、邮件列表；也可以自动将您的新邮件分类到不同的目录或者 文件中（当订阅了多个邮件列表，或者要对邮件按优先级排序时，将会非常方便）； 还可以对您的邮件进行预处理，当有邮件到达时运行某个程序 (比如为不同类型的 邮件设置不同的响铃)；以及有选择地将某些接收到的邮件转发给别人。

This package contains miscellaneous utilities that use the proc FS:

• fuser: identifies processes that are using files or sockets.
• killall: kills processes by name (e.g. "killall -HUP named").
• peekfd: shows the data traveling over a file descriptor.
• pstree: shows currently running processes as a tree.
• prtstat: print the contents of /proc//stat

Resolvconf is a framework for keeping up to date the system's information about name servers. It sets itself up as the intermediary between programs that supply this information (such as ifup and ifdown, DHCP clients, the PPP daemon and local name servers) and programs that use this information (such as DNS caches and resolver libraries).

This package may require some manual configuration. Please read the README file for detailed instructions.

rsync 是一个快速、多用途的文件复制工具，它可以在本地复制文件，或在本地和远程 站点之间传输文件。它提供了许多控制其行为的选项。 其远程更新协议可以最小化网络流量，让不同机器间文件更新的传输变得更加快速高效。

它被广泛用于备份和镜像事务上，也作为日常使用的 copy 命令的一个改进工具。

本软件包提供了 rsync 命令行工具和可选的守护进程功能。

Rsyslog 是一个 syslog 的多进程实现（syslogd 是一个提供日志信息记录的系统工 具）。它的功能包括：

• 在 TCP、SSL/TLS 和 RELP 之上的可靠 syslog 系统日志功能
• 按需进行磁盘缓冲
• 电子邮件报警
• 写入 MySQL 或 PostgreSQL 数据库（使用独立的输出插件）
• 发送者列表权限控制
• 在 syslog 日志信息的任何部分进行过滤
• 在线（on-the-wire）消息压缩
• 精细的输出格式控制
• 故障时（failover）输出至备用位置
• 企业级 syslog 加密中继

它是 Debian 系统上的默认 syslogd 系统日志软件。

GNU Screen is a terminal multiplexer that runs several separate "screens" on a single physical character-based terminal. Each virtual terminal emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ANSI X3.64 and ISO 2022 functions. Screen sessions can be detached and resumed later on a different terminal.

Screen also supports a whole slew of other features, including configurable input and output translation, serial port support, configurable logging, and multi-user support.

Smartmontools 软件包包含了两个实用程序(smartctl 和 smartd)，可使用内建于大多数 现代 ATA 和 SCSI 硬盘的 S.M.A.R.T.(自我监控、分析和报告技术系统) 来控制并监视 存储系统，它来源于 smartsuite 软件包，并包括了 ATA/ATAPI-5 磁盘支持。它应该 运行于任何现代的 Linux 系统。

strace is a system call tracer, i.e. a debugging tool which prints out a trace of all the system calls made by another process/program. The program to be traced need not be recompiled for this, so you can use it on binaries for which you don't have source.

System calls and signals are events that happen at the user/kernel interface. A close examination of this boundary is very useful for bug isolation, sanity checking and attempting to capture race conditions.

The sysfs is a virtual file system found in Linux kernels 2.5+ that provides a tree of system devices. This package provides the program 'systool' to query it, which can be used to list devices by bus, class, and topology.

In addition this package ships a configuration file /etc/sysfs.conf which allows one to conveniently set sysfs attributes at system bootup (via an init script).

This program allows you to dump the traffic on a network. tcpdump is able to examine IPv4, ICMPv4, IPv6, ICMPv6, UDP, TCP, SNMP, AFS BGP, RIP, PIM, DVMRP, IGMP, SMB, OSPF, NFS and many other packet types.

It can be used to print out the headers of packets on a network interface, filter packets that match a certain expression. You can use this tool to track down network problems, to detect attacks or to monitor network activities.

The more traditional traceroute(8) sends out either UDP or ICMP ECHO packets with a TTL of one, and increments the TTL until the destination has been reached. By printing the gateways that generate ICMP time exceeded messages along the way, it is able to determine the path packets are taking to reach the destination.

The problem is that with the widespread use of firewalls on the modern Internet, many of the packets that traceroute(8) sends out end up being filtered, making it impossible to completely trace the path to the destination. However, in many cases, these firewalls will permit inbound TCP packets to specific ports that hosts sitting behind the firewall are listening for connections on. By sending out TCP SYN packets instead of UDP or ICMP ECHO packets, tcptraceroute is able to bypass the most common firewall filters.

Vim 是一个与 UNIX 编辑器 Vi 几乎完全兼容的版本。

Vim 在 vi 的基础上添加了许多特性：多次撤销、语法高亮、命令行 历史、 在线帮助、文件名补全、块操作、折叠、Unicode 支持等。

此软件包提供了一个带有一系列标准功能的 vim。它不提供 Vim 的 图形界面，如果您需要更多(或更少)的功能，请查看其它 vim-* 软 件包。

Apticron is a simple script which sends daily emails about pending package updates such as security updates, properly handling packages on hold both by dselect and aptitude.

cpqarrayd is a userspace monitoring daemon for HP (Compaq) SmartArray hardware RAID controllers. These controllers usually come built-in to ProLiant, or as a PCI card for ProLiant or Integrity systems. This daemon reports status changes in the disk array to syslog and, optionally, to a snmp trap host.

The default is to only log to the syslog. You can specify traphosts with the -t parameter at the commandline. Multiple traphosts are allowed.

This tool works with the SmartArray drivers found in Linux kernels (cciss and ida drivers).

Contains a tool that is run by a cron job at regular intervals. By default it just updates the package list and downloads new packages without installing. You can instruct it to run anything that you can do with apt-get (or aptitude).

It can optionally send mail to the system administrator on errors, log to syslog or a separate log file.

Observe that this tool may be a security risk, so you should not set it to do more than necessary. Automatic upgrade of all packages is NOT recommended unless you are in full control of the package repository.

These programs are designed to integrate with standard shell tools, extending them to operate on the Debian packaging system.

 dglob  - Generate a list of package names which match a pattern
          [dctrl-tools, apt*, apt-file*, perl*]
 dgrep  - Search all files in specified packages for a regex
          [dctrl-tools, apt-file (both via dglob)]

These are also included, because they are useful and don't justify their own packages:

 check-enhancements
            - find packages which enhance installed packages [apt,
               dctrl-tools]
 checkrestart
            - Help to find and restart processes which are using old versions
              of upgraded files (such as libraries) [python3, procps, lsof*]
 debget     - Fetch a .deb for a package in APT's database [apt]
 debman     - Easily view man pages from a binary .deb without extracting
              [man, apt* (via debget)]
 debmany    - Select manpages of installed or uninstalled packages [man |
              sensible-utils, whiptail | dialog | zenity, apt*, konqueror*,
              xdg-utils*]
 dhomepage  - Open homepage of a package in a web browser [dctrl-tools,
              sensible-utils*, www-browser* | x-www-browser*]
 dman       - Fetch manpages from online manpages.debian.org service [curl,
              man, lsb-release*]
 dpigs      - Show which installed packages occupy the most space
              [dctrl-tools]
 find-dbgsym-packages
            - Get list of dbgsym packages from core dump or PID. [dctrl-tools,
              elfutils, libfile-which-perl, libipc-system-simple-perl,
              libfile-slurper-perl]
              Usage of the --ssh option requires openssh-client.
              Usage of the --deb option requires equivs.
 popbugs    - Display a customized release-critical bug list based on
              packages you use (using popularity-contest data) [python3,
              popularity-contest]
 which-pkg-broke
            - find which package might have broken another [python3, apt]
 which-pkg-broke-build
            - find which package might have broken the build of another
              [python3 (via which-pkg-broke), apt]

Package name in brackets denote (non-essential) dependencies of the scripts. Packages names with an asterisk ("*") denote optional dependencies, all other are hard dependencies.

Hard dependencies of single tools are listed in the Recommends field of the package and optional dependencies of single tools in the Suggests field -- as common with many "collection" style Debian packages.

debsecan 工具可以对一台特定 Debian 机器生成一份影响该系统的漏洞列表。 debscan 在需要扫描的主机上运行，并从 Internet 下载漏洞信息。当新的漏洞被发现或存在安全更新 时，它能发送邮件通知相关人员。

Suite of programs to manage some I2O-compliant RAID controllers; in particular some Adaptec hardware; to be very specific those using the dpt_i2o kernel module or CONFIG_SCSI_DPT_I2O driver, or (for more recent kernels) the i2o_block and i2o_config modules, or CONFIG_I2O_BLOCK and CONFIG_I2O_CONFIG drivers. One can create/delete a RAID array, add/remove a hot spare drive to/from an array, activate/silence the alarm, and query array/disk status.

GNU Emacs is the extensible self-documenting text editor. This is a metapackage that will always depend on the latest recommended Emacs variant (currently emacs-gtk).