Debian Science Project
Summary
Logic
Debian Science - Logik-Pakete

Dieses Metapaket ist Teil des Debian Pure Blends »Debian Science« und installiert Pakete mit Bezug zur Computational Logic. Es enthält Werkzeuge zur Umformung von Formeln und zur Lösung von Formeln für verschiedene Logiken, interaktive Beweissysteme (proof systems) usw.

Description

For a better overview of the project's availability as a Debian package, each head row has a color code according to this scheme:

If you discover a project which looks like a good candidate for Debian Science to you, or if you have prepared an unofficial Debian package, please do not hesitate to send a description of that project to the Debian Science mailing list

Links to other tasks

Debian Science Logic packages

Official Debian packages with high relevance

agda
Abhängig typisierte, funktionale Programmiersprache
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Agda ist eine abhängig typisierte, funktionale Programmiersprache: Sie besitzt induktive Familien, die wie Haskells GADTs sind, jedoch mit Werten und nicht nur mit Typen indiziert werden können. Zusätzlich besitzt sie parametrisierte Module, mixfix-Operatoren, Unicode-Kodierung und eine interaktive Emacs-Schnittstelle (die Typüberprüfung kann bei der Codeentwicklung hilfreich sein).

Agda ist auch ein Beweisassistent, ein interaktives System zum Schreiben und Überprüfen von Beweisen. Agda basiert auf der intuitionistischen Typentheorie, einem grundlegenden System für konstruktive Mathematik, entwickelt vom schwedischen Logiker Per Martin-Löf. Es ähnelt anderen Beweisassistenten, die auf abhängigen Typen basieren, wie Coq, Epigram und NuPRL.

Dieses Metapaket liefert den Emacs-Modus, die ausführbare Anwendung, die Standardbibliothek und die Dokumentation für Agda.

alt-ergo
Automatic theorem prover dedicated to program verification
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Alt-Ergo is an automatic theorem prover geared towards application in program verification. It is based on CC(X), a congruence closure algorithm parameterized by an equational theory X. Alt-Ergo has built-in provers for propositional logic, linear arithmetic, uninterpreted function symbols, associative-commutative function symbols, polymorphic arrays, user-defined polymorphic record types and polymorphic enumeration types. It has restricted support for reasoning over arbitrary user-defined algebraic types, first-order quantifiers, and non-linear arithmetic.

This package contains the prover as a command-line executable.

boolector
SMT-Solver für Bit-Vektoren und Arrays
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Boolector ist ein effizienter SMT-Löser für die quantifiziererfreie Theorie von Bitvektoren in Kombination mit der quantifiziererfreien Extensionstheorie von Arrays.

clasp
conflict-driven nogood learning answer set solver
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clasp is an answer set solver for (extended) normal logic programs. It combines the high-level modeling capacities of answer set programming (ASP) with state-of-the-art techniques from the area of Boolean constraint solving. The primary clasp algorithm relies on conflict-driven nogood learning, a technique that proved very successful for satisfiability checking (SAT). Unlike other learning ASP solvers, clasp does not rely on legacy software, such as a SAT solver or any other existing ASP solver. Rather, clasp has been genuinely developed for answer set solving based on conflict-driven nogood learning. clasp can be applied as an ASP solver (on LPARSE output format), as a SAT solver (on simplified DIMACS/CNF format), or as a PB solver (on OPB format).

Please cite: Martin Gebser, Benjamin Kaufmann and Torsten Schaub: Conflict-Driven Answer Set Solving: From Theory to Practice. Artificial Intelligence (187–188):52–89 (2012)
coinor-cbc
Coin-or branch-and-cut mixed integer programming solver
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Cbc (Coin-or branch and cut) is an open-source mixed integer programming solver written in C++. It can be used as a callable library or as a stand-alone executable.

This package contains cbc executable.

coinor-symphony
COIN-OR solver for mixed-integer linear programs
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SYMPHONY is an open-source generic mixed-integer linear programs (MILP) solver, callable library, and extensible framework for implementing customized solvers SYMPHONY has a number of advanced capabilities, including the ability to solve multi-objective MILPs, the ability to warm start its solution procedure, and the ability to perform basic sensitivity analyses.

SYMPHONY is part of the larger COIN-OR initiative (Computational Infrastructure for Operations Research).

This package contains the symphony executable.

coq
Beweis-Assistent für Logik höherer Ordnung (Toplevel und Compiler)
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Coq ist ein Beweis-Assistent für Logik höherer Ordnung. Er ermöglicht die Entwicklung von Computerprogrammen, die konsistent mit ihrer formalen Spezifikation sind. Er wird mittels Objective Caml und Camlp5 entwickelt.

Dieses Paket enthält coqtop, eine Befehlszeilen-Schnittstelle zu Coq.

Eine grafische Oberfläche für Coq finden Sie im Paket coqide. Coq kann auch mit ProofGeneral verwendet werden, was die Bearbeitung der Beweise mit Emacs und XEmacs ermöglicht. Dies erfordert die Installation des Pakets proofgeneral.

The package is enhanced by the following packages: libaac-tactics-ocaml libssreflect-ocaml
cvc4
automated theorem prover for SMT problems
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CVC4 is an efficient automatic theorem prover for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) problems. It can be used to prove the validity (or, dually, the satisfiability) of first-order formulas in a large number of built-in logical theories and their combination.

CVC4 is intended to be an open and extensible SMT engine, and it can be used as a stand-alone tool or as a library. It is the fourth in the Cooperating Validity Checker family of tools (also including CVC, CVC Lite and CVC3). CVC4 has been designed to increase the performance and reduce the memory overhead of its predecessors.

This package contains binaries needed to use CVC4 as a stand-alone tool.

depqbf
solver for quantified boolean formulae
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DepQBF is a search-based solver for quantified boolean formulae (QBF) in prenex conjunctive normal form. It is based on the DPLL algorithm for QBF, called QDPLL, with conflict-driven clause and solution-driven cube learning. By analyzing the syntactic structure of a formula, DepQBF tries to identify independent variables. In general, information on independent variables can be represented in the formal framework of dependency schemes. DepQBF computes the so-called "standard dependency scheme" of a given formula. In addition to other benefits, information on independent variables often increases the freedom for decision making and clause learning.

drat-trim
??? missing short description for package drat-trim :-(
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gringo
»grounding tools« für (disjunktive) Logikprogramme
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Aktuelle Programme zur Ermittlung von Antwortmengen (»answer set solvers«) arbeiten mit variablenfreien Programmen. Daher wird ein »Grounder« benötigt, der bei einem gegebenen Eingabeprogramm mit Variablen erster Ordnung ein äquivalentes variablenfreies »ground program« berechnet.

Dieses Paket enthält die folgenden Tools:

  • gringo: ein Grounder, der bei einem gegebenen Eingabeprogramm mit

    Variablen erster Ordnung ein äquivalentes (variablenfreies) ground program im aspif-Format berechnet. Seine Ausgabe kann mit dem answer set solver clasp weiterverarbeitet werden. Beginnend mit der Gringo-Serie 5 ist die Ausgabe nicht mehr direkt mit Solvern wie smodels oder cmodels kompatibel, die das smodels-Format lesen. Verwenden Sie lpconvert zum Übersetzen des aspif-Formats in das smodels-Format. - clingo: kombiniert gringo und clasp zu einem monolithischen System.

    Auf diese Weise bietet es mehr Kontrolle über den Grounding- und Lösungsprozess, als gringo und clasp einzeln bieten können: Multi-Shot-Lösung. - lpconvert: Umwandler für die gringo-Formate aspif und smodels - reify: kleines Dienstprogramm, das Logikprogramme im aspif-Format

    reifiziert (vergegenständlicht). Es erzeugt eine Reihe von Fakten, die mit gringo weiterverarbeitet werden können.

Please cite: Martin Gebser, Roland Kaminski, Benjamin Kaufmann and Torsten Schaub: Multi-shot ASP solving with clingo. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming :1–56 (2018)
hol-light
HOL Light theorem prover
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HOL Light is an interactive theorem prover for Higher-Order Logic with a very simple logical core running in an OCaml toplevel. HOL Light is famous for the verification of floating-point arithmetic as well as for the Flyspeck project, which aimed at the formalization of Tom Hales' proof of the Kepler conjecture.

hol88
Logik höherer Ordnung - Systemabbild
Maintainer: Camm Maguire
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Das HOL-System ist eine Umgebung für interaktives Beweisen von Theoremen in einer Logik höherer Ordnung. Seine herausragendste Eigenschaft ist seine Programmierbarkeit mit der Meta-Sprache ML. Das System hat eine Vielzahl von Verwendungen von der Formalisierung reiner Mathematik bis zur Überprüfung industrieller Hardware. Weltweit arbeiten akademische und industrielle Einrichtungen mit HOL.

kissat
??? missing short description for package kissat :-(
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lbt
Konvertiert LTL-Formeln zu Büchi-Automaten
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Diese Software konvertiert eine lineare temporäre Logik (ltl)-Formel in einen allgemeinen Büchi-Automaten. Der resultierende Automat kann zum Beispiel in Modelltests verwendet werden, wo er die Eigenschaft darstellt, die in dem Modell überprüft wird (z.B. ein Petri-Netz).

maria
Erreichbarkeitsanalyse für Netze algebraischer Systeme
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Maria ist ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug, das entworfen wurde, um Ingenieuren bei der Modellierung und Lösung nebenläufiger Probleme in parallelen und verteilten Computersystemen zu helfen.

Maria findet (gegenseitige) Blockaden (Deadlocks) und Verstöße gegen die Sicherheit oder die garantierten Reaktionszeiten, indem es alle Zustände, die vom Ausgangszustand des Systems erreicht werden können, untersucht. Das Werkzeug verwaltet Dutzende oder Hunderte von Millionen erreichbarer Zustände und aktivierter Aktionen.

Die beeindruckende Kraft von Marias Formalismus nähert sich dank seines großen Systems von Datentypen und leistungsfähigen algebraischen Operationen der von höheren Programmiersprachen.

maude
high-performance logical framework
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Maude is a high-performance reflective language and system supporting both equational and rewriting logic specification and programming for a wide range of applications. Maude has been influenced in important ways by the OBJ3 language, which can be regarded as an equational logic sublanguage. Besides supporting equational specification and programming, Maude also supports rewriting logic computation.

Rewriting logic is a logic of concurrent change that can naturally deal with state and with concurrent computations. It has good properties as a general semantic framework for giving executable semantics to a wide range of languages and models of concurrency. In particular, it supports very well concurrent object-oriented computation. The same reasons making rewriting logic a good semantic framework make it also a good logical framework, that is, a metalogic in which many other logics can be naturally represented and executed.

Maude supports in a systematic and efficient way logical reflection. This makes Maude remarkably extensible and powerful, supports an extensible algebra of module composition operations, and allows many advanced metaprogramming and metalanguage applications. Indeed, some of the most interesting applications of Maude are metalanguage applications, in which Maude is used to create executable environments for different logics, theorem provers, languages, and models of computation.

Maude is of interest to the biomedical community for modeling and analysis of biological systems.

Please cite: M. Matsumoto and T. Nishimura: Mersenne Twister: A 623-Dimensionally Equidistributed Uniform Pseudo-Random Number Generator. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 8(1):3-30 (1998)
minisat+
solver for pseudo-Boolean constraints
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MinSat+ is a solver for Pseudo-Boolean Optimization (AKA 0-1 integer programming) that is based on the MiniSat SAT-solver. It supports optimizing a linear objective function, subject to a set of linear constraints. The variables of the objective function and constraints are boolean, i.e. required to be 0 or 1. Pseudo-Boolean optimization can be used to solve many kinds of combinatorial optimization problems. This version of Minisat+ is compiled with bignum support for constraint coefficients.

mona
Theorem-Beweiser auf Grundlage von Automaten
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Das Werkzeug MONA übersetzt in den Logiken WS1S oder WS2S beschriebene Formeln in endliche Zustandsautomaten, die mit BDDs dargestellt werden. Die Formeln können Suchmuster, zeitlichen Eigenschaften reaktiver Systeme, Bedingungen von Parse-Bäumen usw. darstellen. MONA untersucht die resultierenden Automaten und stellt fest, ob die Formel gültig ist. Wenn die Formel nicht gültig ist, erzeugt MONA ein Gegenbeispiel.

Dokumentation finden Sie auf der Website von MONA: http://www.brics.dk/mona/.

picosat
SAT solver with proof and core support
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Despite the NP completeness of the satisfiabilty problem of Boolean formulas (SAT), SAT solvers are often able to decide this problem in a reasonable time frame. As all other NP complete problems are reducible to SAT, the solvers have become a general purpose tool for this class of problems.

PicoSAT is a SAT solver that turned out to be faster on industrial instances than MiniSAT 2.0 and also can generate proofs and cores in memory.

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proofgeneral
Generisches Frontend für Beweisassistenten
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Der »Major Mode« Proof General verwandelt Emacs in einen interaktiven Beweisassistenten, um mithilfe verschiedener Theorembeweiser formale mathematische Beweise zu schreiben.

Mit diesem Paket unterstützt Proof General Coq. (Es gibt keinen anderen Beweisassistenten, den man sinnvoll unterstützen kann.)

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prover9
theorem prover and countermodel generator
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This package provides the Prover9 resolution/paramodulation theorem prover and the Mace4 countermodel generator.

Prover9 is an automated theorem prover for first-order and equational logic. It is a successor of the Otter prover. Prover9 uses the inference techniques of ordered resolution and paramodulation with literal selection.

The program Mace4 searches for finite structures satisfying first-order and equational statements, the same kind of statement that Prover9 accepts. If the statement is the denial of some conjecture, any structures found by Mace4 are counterexamples to the conjecture.

Mace4 can be a valuable complement to Prover9, looking for counterexamples before (or at the same time as) using Prover9 to search for a proof. It can also be used to help debug input clauses and formulas for Prover9.

sat4j
Effiziente Bibliothek aus SAT-Solvern in Java
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Das Ziel der Bibliothek SAT4J ist es eine effiziente Bibliothek aus SAT-Solvern in Java bereitzustellen. Verglichen mit dem Projekt OpenSAT zielt die Bibliothek SAT4J auf Erstbenutzer von SAT-»Black Boxes« ab, die SAT-Techniken in ihre Anwendungen integrieren wollen ohne sich um die Details zu kümmern. Das Projekt SAT4J versucht darüber hinaus, SAT-Forschern eine Arbeitsgrundlage zu bieten.

spass
automated theorem prover for first-order logic with equality
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SPASS is a saturation-based automated theorem prover for first-order logic with equality. It is unique due to the combination of the superposition calculus with specific inference/reduction rules for sorts (types) and a splitting rule for case analysis motivated by the beta-rule of analytic tableaux and the case analysis employed in the Davis-Putnam procedure. Furthermore, SPASS provides a sophisticated clause normal form translation.

This package consists of the SPASS/FLOTTER binary, documentation, and a small example collection. The tools collections contain the proof checker pcs, the syntax translators dfg2otter and dfg2tptp, and the ASCII pretty printer dfg2ascii.

toulbar2
Exact combinatorial optimization for Graphical Models
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Toulbar2 is an exact discrete optimization tool for Graphical Models such as Cost Function Networks, Markov Random Fields, Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problems and Bayesian Nets.

why3
Software verification platform
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Why3 is a platform for deductive program verification. It provides a rich language for specification and programming, called WhyML, and relies on external theorem provers, both automated and interactive, to discharge verification conditions. Why3 comes with a standard library of logical theories (integer and real arithmetic, Boolean operations, sets and maps, etc.) and basic programming data structures (arrays, queues, hash tables, etc.). A user can write WhyML programs directly and get correct-by-construction OCaml programs through an automated extraction mechanism. WhyML is also used as an intermediate language for the verification of C, Java, or Ada programs.

Why3 is a complete reimplementation of the former Why platform. Among the new features are: numerous extensions to the input language, a new architecture for calling external provers, and a well-designed API, allowing to use Why3 as a software library. An important emphasis is put on modularity and genericity, giving the end user a possibility to easily reuse Why3 formalizations or to add support for a new external prover if wanted.

z3
Theorembeweiser von Microsoft Research
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Z3 ist ein hochmoderner Theorembeweiser von Microsoft Research. Er kann verwendet werden, um die Erfüllbarkeit logischer Formeln über eine oder mehrere Theorien zu überprüfen. Z3 bietet eine überzeugende Übereinstimmung mit Softwareanalyse- und Verifizierungswerkzeugen, da mehrere gängige Softwarekonstrukte direkt in unterstützte Theorien abgebildet werden.

Das Z3-Eingabeformat ist eine Erweiterung des vom Standard SMT-LIB 2.0 definierten Formats.

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coinor-libcoinmp-dev
Simple C API for COIN-OR Solvers Clp and Cbc -- development
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The Coin-MP optimizer is an open source solver, it is part of the COIN-OR project which is an initiative to spur the development of open-source software for the operations research community.

CoinMP is a C-API library that supports most of the functionality of CLP (Coin LP), CBC (Coin Branch-and-Cut), and CGL (Cut Generation Library) projects.

This package contains the files needed to build applications using libCoinMP.

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